After a four and a half day journey from the Earth, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO, has successfully entered orbit around the moon. Engineers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., confirmed the spacecraft's lunar orbit insertion at 6:27 a.m. EDT Tuesday.
VIDEO: WATCH NASA TV COVERAGE OF LRO LUNAR ORBIT INSERTION ALL-ACCESS SUBSCRIBERS: WATCH NASA TV COVERAGE OF LRO LUNAR ORBIT INSERTION - 1.2 MBPS VIDEO "All stations, this is flight," the mission flight director said. "Congratulations on a successful LOI. LRO has returned NASA to the Moon." During transit to the moon, engineers performed a mid-course correction to get the spacecraft in the proper position to reach its lunar destination. Since the moon is always moving, the spacecraft shot for a target point ahead of the moon. When close to the moon, LRO used its rocket motor to slow down until the gravity of the moon caught the spacecraft in lunar orbit. The 40-minute engine burn to place LRO in orbit began around 5:47 a.m. EDT. the engine firing placed the spacecraft into near-polar orbit tilted 30 degrees from the Moon's poles with a low point of 136 miles and a high point of 1,926 miles. LRO will conduct four additional rocket firings over the next five days to put the spacecraft in its so-called commissioning orbit which will have a high point, or apogee, 134 miles above the north pole and a low point 18.5 miles high over the south pole. "Lunar orbit insertion is a crucial milestone for the mission," said Cathy Peddie, LRO deputy project manager at Goddard. "The LRO mission cannot begin until the moon captures us. Once we enter the moon's orbit, we can begin to buildup the dataset needed to understand in greater detail the lunar topography, features and resources. We are so proud to be a part of this exciting mission and NASA's planned return to the moon." A series of four engine burns over the next four days will put the satellite into its commissioning phase orbit. During the commissioning phase each of its seven instruments is checked out and brought online. The commissioning phase will end approximately 60 days after launch, when LRO will use its engines to transition to its primary mission orbit. For its primary mission, LRO will orbit above the moon at about 31 miles, or 50 kilometers, for one year. The spacecraft's instruments will help scientists compile high resolution, three-dimensional maps of the lunar surface and also survey it at many spectral wavelengths. The satellite will explore the moon's deepest craters, examining permanently sunlit and shadowed regions, and provide understanding of the effects of lunar radiation on humans. LRO will return more data about the moon than any previous mission.
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